Health Belief Model Approach to Understand Pregnant Women's Perceptions of HIV/AIDS Prevention in the Jekan Raya Community Health Center Working Area, Palangkaraya City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/ijatm.v2i4.100Keywords:
Health Belief Model, Pregnant Women, Perception, HIV/AIDS, PreventionAbstract
HBM is a theory used to understand health attitudes and behavior towards a disease. It consists of several influencing factors such as perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self-efficacy. The level of HIV/AIDS transmission is still very high, especially in the city of Palangka Raya. In 2022 there will be 116 cases and will increase in 2023 to 147 cases. Of the 147 cases, people at high risk of transmitting HIV/AIDS were pregnant women. Objective: To determine the factors of perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self-efficacy in influencing pregnant women's perceptions of HIV/AIDS prevention in the Jekan Raya Community Health Center working area. Method: This research is descriptive quantitative using 30 samples of pregnant women from trimesters 1-3. Using minimal sampling technique. Perceptions were measured using a Likert scale and a questionnaire regarding the perceptions of pregnant women in preventing HIV/AIDS. Results: Research shows that of the 30 pregnant women respondents in the Jekan Raya health center working area, in preventing HIV/AIDS the categories of perceived vulnerability were positive (63.3%), negative (36.7%), positive perception of severity (76.7%) negative (23.3%), perceived benefits positive (73.3%) negative (26.7%), perceived barriers positive (30%) negative (70%), and perceived self-efficacy positive (76.7%) negative (23.3%). Conclusion: All pregnant women's perceptions of HIV/AIDS prevention are in the positive category. This shows that pregnant women already know about the dangers of the HIV/AIDS virus and will try to prevent it. It is hoped that health workers, especially midwives, can provide education and support in this matter so as to help pregnant women in preventing HIV/AIDS.
References
Adejumo, O. A., Oladele, E. A., & Adebiyi, A. O. (2021). Maternal knowledge and attitudes toward HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 245. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03721-5
Akinyemi, O., & Oyediran, K. A. (2020). Application of the Health Belief Model to HIV prevention among women of reproductive age. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 24(4), 113–122.
Alarcón-Braga, E. A., Rojas, K., & Soto, A. (2023). Predictors of HIV testing among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Latin America. International Journal of Women’s Health, 15, 789–799. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S412589
Amare, H., Taye, B., & Tessema, Z. (2022). Barriers to HIV testing and counseling among pregnant women: A qualitative study. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01468-1
Asiedu, G. B., & Siedlikowski, S. (2019). HIV stigma and its impact on pregnant women: Implications for prevention programs. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 18, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325958219852014
Bekele, H., & Gebremedhin, S. (2021). Health Belief Model-based educational intervention on HIV prevention among Ethiopian women: A cluster randomized trial. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1572.
Berhimpong, M. J. A., Rattu, A. J. M., & Pertiwi, J. M. (2020). Analisi implementasi aktivitas fisik berdasarkan Health belief model oleh tenaga Kesehatan di puskesmas. Indonesia jurnal of public health and community medicine.
Chow EPF, Grulich AE, Fairley CK. Epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men at risk of HIV. Lancet HIV. 2019 Jun;6(6):e396-e405. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30043-8. Epub 2019 Apr 18. PMID: 31006612.
Dinas Kesehatan. (2022). Jumlah Kasus HIV/AIDS, IMS, DBD, Diare, TB, dan Malaria Menurut Kecamatan di Kota Palangka Raya. https://pasada.palangkaraya.go.id/user/tabeluser/detail/599.
Dinkes Kalteng. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Dinkes Kalteng.
Ezeonwu, M. (2020). Community-based strategies to improve HIV prevention for pregnant women in rural settings. Public Health Nursing, 37(2), 224–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12698
Fauk, N. K., Mwanri, L., Hawke, K., & Ward, P. R. (2021). Socio-cultural determinants of HIV transmission and prevention among women in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105213
Gultie, T., & Demissie, M. (2020). Perceptions of HIV risk and prevention strategies among pregnant women: An Ethiopian perspective. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 8(3), 2274–2283.
Iliyasu, Z., Adebayo, S. B., & Galadanci, H. S. (2022). Knowledge and utilization of HIV prevention services among pregnant women in Northern Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 22(1), 94–103.
Kassa, G. M., Arowojolu, A., & Odukogbe, A. (2019). Antenatal HIV testing uptake and factors influencing its acceptance among pregnant women. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0709-2
Kebede, M. A., & Mekonnen, A. G. (2023). Self-efficacy and HIV prevention behaviors among pregnant women: An application of the Health Belief Model. PLoS ONE, 18(4), e0283412.
Nyblade, L., Stockton, M. A., Giger, K., et al. (2021). Stigma reduction interventions to improve HIV prevention and treatment among women: A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 25(9), 2815–2833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03197-9
Shahnazi, H., Ahmadi-Livani, M., Pahlavanzadeh, B. et al. Assessing preventive health behaviors from COVID-19: a cross sectional study with health belief model in Golestan Province, Northern of Iran. Infect Dis Poverty 9, 157(2020).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00776-2
Shewasinad Yehualashet S, Asefa KK, Mekonnen AG, Gemeda BN, Shiferaw WS, Aynalem YA, et al. Predictors of adherence to HIV/AIDS prevention measure among communities in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia based on health belief model: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0246006.
Suryani, & Purwodiharjo. (2020). Aplikasi Helath Belief Model dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. The International Encylopedia of Communcation.
Taye, B., & Yalew, A. (2020). Perceived barriers and facilitators to HIV prevention among pregnant women attending ANC clinics. Journal of Reproductive Health, 17(1), 115.
UNAIDS. (2023). Global AIDS Update 2023: The path that ends AIDS. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. https://www.unaids.org
Viridula, E. Y. (2021). Upaya Pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada Wanita Pekerja Seksual (WPS) di Klinik Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS). Jurnal Bidan Pintar.
WHO.(2021).HIV/AIDS.https://www.who.int/healthtopics/hiv-aids#tab=tab_1.
WHO.(2023).HIV&AIDS.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids.
